Description
40C8 Grade Introduction:
40C8 carbon steel is characterized by its high carbon content, making it suitable for applications requiring enhanced strength compared to mild steel. The steel also contains up to 0.4% silicon and 1.2% manganese, with residual elements such as copper, molybdenum, aluminum, chromium, and nickel contributing to its overall properties.
40C8 Grade Application:
40C8 steel is ideal for general engineering applications where higher strength is required. Common uses include:
- General Purpose Axles
- Shafts
- Gears
- Bolts and Studs
- Spindles
- Automotive and General Engineering Components
- General Engineering Parts
40C8 Equivalent Grades:
| Classification | IS | EN | DIN | AISI/SAE | JIS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medium Carbon Steel | 30C8, 35C8, 40C8, 45C8, 50C8, 55C8, CL-III, CL-IV, CL-V | EN-8, EN-8D, EN-9 | CK-30, CK-35, CK-40, CK-45, CK-50, CK-55, CK-60 | 1030, 1035, 1040, 1045, 1050, 1055, 1060 | – |
40C8 Chemical Composition:
| Element | Content (%) |
|---|---|
| C | 0.35 – 0.45 |
| Mn | 0.60 – 0.90 |
| Si | 0.10 – 0.35 |
| S | 0.35 Max |
| P | 0.35 Max |
40C8 Mechanical Properties:
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength (Ultimate) | 660 MPa | 95,700 psi |
| Tensile Strength (Yield) | 560 MPa | 81,200 psi |
| Bulk Modulus | 140 GPa | 20,300 ksi |
| Shear Modulus | 80 GPa | 11,600 ksi |
| Elastic Modulus | 190 – 210 GPa | 27,557 – 30,458 ksi |
| Poisson’s Ratio | 0.27 – 0.30 | 0.27 – 0.30 |
| Elongation at Break (in 50 mm) | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Reduction of Area | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| Hardness (Brinell) | 197 | 197 |
| Hardness (Knoop) | 219 | 219 |
| Hardness (Rockwell B) | 92 | 92 |
| Hardness (Rockwell C) | 13 | 13 |
| Hardness (Vickers) | 207 | 207 |
| Machinability | 55 (based on AISI 1212) | 55 |
40C8 Hardness:
- Brinell Hardness: 197
40C8 Heat Treatment:
Heat treatment involves heating the steel to a temperature range of 1611°C – 1367°C for optimal results.
40C8 Hardening:
For hardening, the steel can be heated and quenched to achieve desired hardness levels.
40C8 Tempering:
Temper the steel at 550°C – 660°C to relieve stresses and improve toughness.
40C8 Physical Properties:
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.85 g/cm³ | 0.284 lb/in³ |
40C8 Thermal Properties:
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient | 11 µm/m°C | 6.11 µin/in°F |
| Thermal Conductivity | 49.8 W/mK | 346 BTU in/hr.ft².°F |
40C8 Forging Properties:
Preheat 40C8 steel carefully and raise the temperature to 1050°C for forging. Avoid forging below 850°C and cool slowly in a furnace after forging.
40C8 Stress Relieving:
Heat to 680°C – 700°C, maintain temperature uniformity, soak for 1 hour per 25 mm section, and cool in still air.
40C8 Normalizing:
Normalize by heating to 830°C – 860°C and then cool in air.
40C8 Annealing:
Anneal at 680°C – 710°C to relieve internal stresses and improve machinability.
40C8 Density:
- Density: 7.85 g/cm³ (same as Physical Properties)
40C8 Machinability:
40C8 offers good machinability, especially in its annealed condition.
40C8 Welding:
40C8 can be welded using conventional techniques. However, post-weld heat treatment may be required to maintain mechanical properties.
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