Description
AISI D3 Tool Steel: Detailed Overview
AISI D3 is a high-carbon, high-chromium tool steel known for its exceptional wear resistance, hardness, and ability to maintain its properties under high temperatures. It is commonly used in various industrial applications, especially in manufacturing tools that require durability and precision.
Introduction to AISI D3 Tool Steel
AISI D3 is categorized as a cold work tool steel and is designed to deliver high performance in applications involving significant mechanical stress. Its robust composition enables it to withstand severe wear conditions, making it a popular choice in tooling and machining.
Key Features of AISI D3 Tool Steel:
- High Hardness: Achievable hardness levels of up to 62 HRC through proper heat treatment.
- Outstanding Wear Resistance: Exceptional resistance to abrasion, ideal for cutting and shaping tools.
- Dimensional Stability: Retains shape during heat treatment, minimizing distortion.
- Toughness: Moderate toughness, suitable for heavy-duty applications.
Applications of AISI D3 Tool Steel
AISI D3 is widely utilized across various industries due to its superior mechanical properties. Typical applications include:
- Manufacturing Industry: Punches, dies, and cutting tools.
- Tooling: Molds for plastics and metal forming.
- Automotive: Components like shear blades and stamping dies.
- Aerospace: Parts requiring high strength and wear resistance.
Equivalent Grades of AISI D3 Tool Steel
AISI D3 is recognized under several standards, ensuring compatibility across different regions and industries.
| Standard | Equivalent Grade |
|---|---|
| DIN | 1.2080 |
| EN | X210Cr12 |
| BS | 420S45 |
Chemical Composition of AISI D3 Tool Steel
The chemical composition of AISI D3 is tailored to provide optimal hardness and wear resistance. The typical composition is as follows:
| Element | Composition (%) |
|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 2.00 – 2.35 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 11.00 – 13.00 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.60 – 0.90 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.20 – 0.50 |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.50 max |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.03 |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.03 |
This composition ensures high hardness and resistance to wear while maintaining good toughness.
Mechanical Properties of AISI D3 Tool Steel
The mechanical properties of AISI D3 are critical for its performance in demanding applications. The following table summarizes these properties:
| Property | Value (Typical) |
|---|---|
| Tensile Strength (MPa) | 1800 – 2200 |
| Yield Strength (MPa) | 1500 – 1800 |
| Elongation (%) | ≥ 5 |
| Impact Toughness (J) | ≥ 15 (at room temp) |
| Hardness (HRC) | 55 – 62 |
These values indicate the steel’s ability to withstand high stresses and impacts.
Heat Treatment of AISI D3 Tool Steel
Heat treatment processes are vital for achieving the desired mechanical properties in AISI D3. Common processes include:
- Hardening: Heat to 1850°F (1010°C) and quench in oil or air to increase hardness.
- Tempering: Heat to 400°F (204°C) or higher after hardening to reduce brittleness and improve toughness.
- Normalizing: Heat to 1700°F (930°C) and air cool to refine grain structure and enhance toughness.
These treatments help tailor the steel’s properties for specific applications.
Hardness of AISI D3 Tool Steel
The hardness of AISI D3 can be adjusted through heat treatment processes. Typical hardness values are:
- Annealed Condition: 230 – 270 HB
- After Hardening and Tempering: Up to 62 HRC
These hardness values reflect the steel’s ability to resist wear and deformation under load.
Physical Properties of AISI D3 Tool Steel
The physical properties of AISI D3 contribute to its performance and reliability. The following table summarizes these properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Density (g/cm³) | 7.85 |
| Melting Point (°C) | 1425 – 1460 |
| Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K) | 25 – 30 |
| Specific Heat Capacity (J/kg·K) | 460 – 480 |
These properties ensure stability and performance in various operating conditions.
Forging Properties of AISI D3 Tool Steel
AISI D3 can be forged at temperatures ranging from 1850°F to 2000°F (1010°C to 1093°C). It is crucial to cool the forged components slowly to prevent internal stresses and maintain dimensional stability.
Stress Relieving for AISI D3 Tool Steel
Stress relieving involves heating the steel to 1000°F – 1100°F (540°C – 590°C) to remove residual stresses from machining or forming. This process enhances dimensional stability and reduces the risk of deformation.
Normalizing AISI D3 Tool Steel
Normalizing is performed by heating the steel to 1600°F – 1800°F (870°C – 980°C) and allowing it to cool in air. This process improves toughness and refines the grain structure.
Annealing AISI D3 Tool Steel
Annealing involves heating the steel to 1400°F – 1450°F (760°C – 790°C) and cooling it slowly in the furnace. This process improves machinability and prepares the steel for further heat treatments.
Machinability of AISI D3 Tool Steel
AISI D3 tool steel exhibits fair machinability, particularly in its annealed condition. It can be machined into complex shapes with standard cutting tools, although care should be taken to manage tool wear during high-hardness operations.
Welding of AISI D3 Tool Steel
Welding of AISI D3 is feasible with proper preheating (to about 400°F or 204°C) and post-weld heat treatment. Following appropriate welding procedures helps prevent issues such as cracking or reduced toughness.
Supply Cities:
Mumbai Ahmedabad, Amaravathi, Ambattur, Bangalore, Belgaum, Chennai, Chittoor, Coimbatore, Dindigul, Mysore, Nellore, Hyderabad, Kochi, Mangalore, Tirupur, Tuticorin, Madurai, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Puducherry, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Visakhapatnam, Kochi, Kerala, Hubli-Dharwad, Karnataka, Ghaziabad Kolkata.
