Description
H-13 Grade Introduction:
H13 Tool Steel is a highly versatile chromium-molybdenum alloy, primarily used for both hot and cold work tooling applications. Its excellent resistance to thermal fatigue cracking, commonly caused by the repetitive heating and cooling cycles in hot work environments, makes H13 a go-to material for hot work tooling. The alloy’s combination of toughness and high resistance to heat checking allows it to withstand the demands of various hot work processes more effectively than other tool steels.
H13 is also popular in cold work tooling applications due to its good hardenability and superior wear resistance compared to standard alloy steels like 4140. Its stability during heat treatment ensures that it maintains consistent performance across different applications.
H-13 Grade Application:
H13 steel is used in numerous applications, including:
- Hot forging and pressing dies
- Extrusion dies, mandrels, and punches
- Hot chisels
- Pressure pads
- Extrusion stems and rams
- Blanking and bending tools
- Hot heading tools
- Backer blocks
H-13 Equivalent Grades:
| Country | Standard | Equivalent Grade |
|---|---|---|
| USA | ASTM A681 | H13 |
| Germany | DIN EN ISO 4957 | 1.2344 / X40CrMoV5-1 |
| Japan | JIS G4404 | SKD61 |
Additional Equivalent Grades:
Comparable grades include MS, EN1A, EN3B, EN8, EN9, EN19, EN24, EN31, EN36C, EN41B, IS2062, 42CrMo4, D2, D3, H11, SKD11, P20, P20+S, SCM420, SAE 1018, SAE 4140, SAE 8620, C20, C45, 16MnCr5, and more.
H-13 Chemical Composition:
The table below shows the chemical composition of H13 tool steel:
| Element | Content (%) |
|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 0.32-0.45 |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.80-1.20 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.20-0.50 |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.03 |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.03 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 4.75-5.50 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 1.10-1.75 |
| Nickel (Ni) | 0.3 |
| Vanadium (V) | 0.80-1.20 |
| Copper (Cu) | 0.25 |
H-13 Mechanical Properties:
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Ultimate Tensile Strength | 1200-1590 MPa | 174000-231000 psi |
| Yield Strength | 1000-1380 MPa | 145000-200000 psi |
| Reduction of Area | 50% | 50% |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 215 GPa | 31200 ksi |
| Poisson’s Ratio | 0.27-0.30 | 0.27-0.30 |
H-13 Hardness:
Hardness is tested on 1-inch round specimens that are air quenched from 1850°F and tempered for two hours at various temperatures.
H-13 Heat Treatment:
H13 tool steels are preheated to 816°C (1500°F), followed by heating to 1010°C (1850°F) and held for 15 to 40 minutes. The steel is then air-quenched.
H-13 Hardening:
H13 features high hardenability and should be air-cooled for hardening. A salt bath or controlled atmosphere furnace is recommended to minimize decarburization, but if unavailable, pack hardening in spent pitch coke is an alternative. The hardening temperature is usually between 1800°F and 1850°F, depending on section size.
H-13 Tempering:
Tempering is typically done in the range of maximum secondary hardness or higher. Double tempering is recommended, especially for large parts or those with heavy sections. H13 is air quenched from 1800°F and tempered for 4 hours at various temperatures.
H-13 Physical Properties:
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Density (@20°C) | 7.80 g/cm³ | 0.282 lb/in³ |
| Melting Point | 1427°C | 2600°F |
H-13 Thermal Properties:
| Property | Metric | Conditions |
|---|---|---|
| Thermal Expansion | 10.4 x 10^-6 / °C | 20-100°C |
| Thermal Conductivity | 28.6 W/mK | @ 215°C |
H-13 Forging Properties:
H13 should be forged at 1079°C (1975°F) and not below 898°C (1650°F) to avoid degrading the material’s properties.
H-13 Stress Relieving:
To relieve machining strains, H13 should be heated slowly to 1050°F-1250°F, equalized, and cooled in still air.
H-13 Normalizing:
Normalization is not recommended for H13 tool steel.
H-13 Annealing:
For annealing, H13 is heated to 871°C (1600°F), then slowly cooled at a rate of 4°C per hour in the furnace.
H-13 Machinability:
H13 tool steel offers approximately 75% of the machinability compared to W group tool steels.
H-13 Welding:
H13 can be readily welded using conventional welding techniques.
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