Chemical Composition of P-20 Steel:

Element	Content (%)
Carbon (C)	0.28 – 0.40
Silicon (Si)	0.20 – 0.80
Manganese (Mn)	0.60 – 1.00
Phosphorus (P)	Max 0.03
Sulfur (S)	Max 0.03
Chromium (Cr)	1.40 – 2.00
Molybdenum (Mo)	0.30 – 0.55
Copper (Cu)	0.25

Mechanical Properties of P-20 Steel:

Property	Metric	Imperial
Hardness, Brinell (typical)	300	33
Hardness, Rockwell C (typical)	30	30
Tensile strength, ultimate	965 – 1030 MPa	140,000 – 150,000 psi
Tensile strength, yield	827 – 862 MPa	120,000 – 125,000 psi
Elongation at break (in 50 mm)	20%	20%
Compressive strength	862 MPa	125,000 psi
Charpy impact (V-Notch)	27.1 – 33.9 J	20 – 25 ft-lb
Poisson’s ratio	0.27 – 0.30	0.27 – 0.30
Elastic modulus	190 – 210 GPa	27,557 – 30,457 ksi

Heat Treatment of P-20 Steel:

P20 steel undergoes carburization at 871 – 899°C (1600 – 1650°F). After carburizing, the steel is hardened by heating to 816 – 871°C (1500 – 1600°F) for 15 minutes, followed by oil quenching.

Hardening of P-20 Steel:

For hardening, heat the steel evenly to 820 – 840°C until thoroughly heated and then quench in oil.

Tempering of P-20 Steel:

Tempering involves heating the steel uniformly and soaking at the tempering temperature for a minimum of one hour per 25 mm section, allowing it to cool in still air.

Tempering Temperature (°C)	Hardness (HRC)	Tensile Strength (N/mm²)
100°C	51	1730
200°C	50	1670
300°C	48	1570
400°C	46	1480
500°C	42	1330
600°C	36	1140

Physical Properties of P-20 Steel:

Property	Metric	Imperial
Density	7.85 g/cm³	0.284 lb/in³

Thermal Properties of P-20 Steel:

Property	Metric	Conditions (T°C)
Thermal expansion	12.8 x 10⁻⁶/°C	20 – 425°C

Forging of P-20 Steel:

To forge P20 steel, heat it slowly and uniformly, starting at 1050°C. Do not forge below 930°C. After forging, the steel should be cooled very slowly.

Stress Relieving of P-20 Steel:

Stress relieving is recommended after heavy machining. Heat to 460 – 500°C, soak thoroughly, and allow it to cool in air to relieve machining stresses.

Normalizing of P-20 Steel:

P20 steel is normalized at 900°C to improve machinability.

Annealing of P-20 Steel:

P20 steel should be annealed by heating uniformly to 770 – 790°C, then soaking well and cooling slowly in a furnace.

Machinability of P-20 Steel:

P20 tool steel offers excellent machinability, rated at approximately 80% of water-hardening steels.

Welding of P-20 Steel:

P20 steel can be welded using conventional welding methods, ensuring that proper preheating and post-weld heat treatment are applied to avoid cracking.

This alloy tool steel is highly favored for mold-making and offers a balance of toughness, machinability, and wear resistance. Its popularity in the plastic molding industry is due to its ability to be polished to a high finish and its availability in pre-hardened conditions.

Titan Steel & Engineers Related Products:

Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, Bright Steel, Spring Steel, Die Steel & Tool Steel, Special Alloy Steel

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