Description
SAE 1018 Grade Introduction:
SAE 1018 carbon steel is a widely used low-carbon, free-machining grade with 0.12 to 2% carbon content. As the carbon content increases, steel hardness and strength improve, but ductility decreases. SAE 1018 is favored for its versatility in forming, machining, welding, and fabrication. Although its mechanical properties aren’t exceptional, its ease of machinability and availability make it one of the most commonly used grades.
SAE 1018 Grade Application:
SAE 1018 carbon steel is frequently utilized in high-volume screw machine parts production. Its other applications include:
- Shafts
- Spindles
- Pins
- Rods
- Sprocket assemblies
SAE 1018 Equivalent Grades:
| Standard | Equivalent Grades |
|---|---|
| AISI / SAE | 1018 |
| BS 970 | 708A30, CDS110 |
| UNS | – |
| DIN | 25CrMo4, GS-25CrMo4 |
| UNI | 25CrMo4 (KB), 30CrMo4 |
| JIS | SCM 420, SCM 430, SCCrM1 |
| EN Name | – |
| EN # | 1.7218 |
Additional Grades Available:
Other grades include MS, EN1A, EN3B, EN8, EN9, EN24, EN31, and various alloy steels like 42CrMo4, H13, and SAE4140.
SAE 1018 Chemical Composition:
| Element | C | Mn | P (Max) | S (Max) | Fe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Content | 0.15-0.20 | 0.60-0.90 | 0.04 Max | 0.05 Max | Balance |
SAE 1018 Mechanical Properties:
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 440 MPa | 63,800 psi |
| Yield Strength | 370 MPa | 53,700 psi |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 205 GPa | 29,700 ksi |
| Shear Modulus | 80 GPa | 11,600 ksi |
| Poisson’s Ratio | 0.29 | 0.29 |
| Elongation at Break | 15% | 15% |
| Hardness (Brinell) | 126 | 126 |
| Machinability | 70% | 70% |
SAE 1018 Hardness:
The Brinell hardness of SAE 1018 carbon steel is typically around 126 HB.
SAE 1018 Heat Treatment:
SAE 1018 carbon steel can be case hardened to reach Rc 42 in thin sections, while thicker sections can attain Rc 28-30.
SAE 1018 Hardening:
Carburizing can be done at 1620-1690°F (880-920°C), and carbonitriding at 1470-1600°F (800-875°C). Hardening of the carburized case occurs at 1430-1500°F (780-820°C) followed by a water quench. Tempering between 300-400°F (150-200°C) improves the case toughness with minimal hardness loss.
SAE 1018 Tempering:
Tempering at 150-200°C enhances the case toughness without significantly affecting the hardness. This also helps reduce the occurrence of grinding cracks.
SAE 1018 Physical Properties:
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.87 g/cm³ | 0.284 lb/in³ |
SAE 1018 Thermal Properties:
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Thermal Conductivity | 51.9 W/mK | 360 BTU in/hr.ft².°F |
SAE 1018 Forging Properties:
Forging can be performed between 996-1260°C (1825-2300°F).
SAE 1018 Stress Relieving:
Stress relieving is done by heating at 500-700°C, followed by cooling in still air to minimize internal stresses.
SAE 1018 Normalizing:
Normalizing SAE 1018 involves heating to 890-940°C, followed by cooling in air to refine the grain structure.
SAE 1018 Annealing:
Complete annealing is done by soaking at 899°C (1650°F) followed by furnace cooling. Process annealing is performed at 649°C (1200°F).
SAE 1018 Density:
The density of SAE 1018 carbon steel is 7.87 g/cm³.
SAE 1018 Machinability:
SAE 1018 offers good machinability, rated at 70% of AISI 1212 carbon steel. Machining provides a fine finish, and the alloy produces continuous chips.
SAE 1018 Welding:
SAE 1018 carbon steel can be welded using conventional methods like gas, oxyacetylene, and resistance welding.
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