Description
SAE 4140 Grade Introduction:
SAE 4140 is a versatile alloy steel known for its good atmospheric corrosion resistance and well-balanced strength, toughness, wear resistance, and fatigue strength. It is commonly used in applications requiring strength and durability.
SAE 4140 Grade Application:
SAE 4140 alloy steel is utilized across various industries, including:
- Aerospace
- Oil and Gas
- Automotive
- Agricultural
- Defense
Typical applications include:
- Forged Gears
- Shafts
- Spindles
- Fixtures
- Jigs
- Collars
SAE 4140 Equivalent Grades:
| Standard | Equivalent Grade |
|---|---|
| USA | 4140 |
| DIN | 1.6523 / 21NiCrMo2 |
| BS | 805M20 |
| JIS | SCM220 |
| ASTM A29 | 4140 |
| DIN 1654 | 1.6523 / 21NiCrMo2-2 |
| EN 10084 | 42CrMo4 |
| BS 970 | 150M19 |
| JIS G4103 | SNCM220 |
SAE 4140 Chemical Composition:
| Standard | Grade | C (%) | Mn (%) | P (%) | S (%) | Si (%) | Cr (%) | Mo (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASTM A29 | 4140 | 0.38-0.43 | 0.75-1.00 | 0.035 | 0.040 | 0.15-0.35 | 0.8-1.10 | 0.15-0.25 |
| EN 10250 | 42CrMo4 | 0.38-0.45 | 0.6-0.9 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.4 | 0.9-1.2 | 0.15-0.30 |
| JIS G4105 | SCM440 | 0.38-0.43 | 0.60-0.85 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.15-0.35 | 0.9-1.2 | 0.15-0.30 |
SAE 4140 Mechanical Properties:
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 655 MPa | 95,000 psi |
| Yield Strength | 415 MPa | 60,200 psi |
| Bulk Modulus | 140 GPa | 20,300 ksi |
| Shear Modulus | 80 GPa | 11,600 ksi |
| Elastic Modulus | 190-210 GPa | 27,557-30,458 ksi |
| Poisson’s Ratio | 0.27-0.30 | 0.27-0.30 |
| Elongation at Break | 25.70% | 25.70% |
| Hardness (Brinell) | 197 | 197 |
| Hardness (Knoop) | 219 | 219 |
| Hardness (Rockwell B) | 92 | 92 |
| Hardness (Rockwell C) | 13 | 13 |
| Hardness (Vickers) | 207 | 207 |
| Machinability | 65 (based on AISI 1212) | 65 |
SAE 4140 Hardness:
- Brinell Hardness: 197
SAE 4140 Heat Treatment:
Heat treatment is performed to enhance machinability and achieve desired mechanical properties.
SAE 4140 Hardening:
SAE 4140 can be hardened by cold working or through heating and quenching. Typically, it is supplied with a hardness range of 18-22 HRC. For further hardening, heat to 840°C – 875°C, soak for 10 – 15 minutes per 25 mm section, and quench in oil, water, or polymer.
SAE 4140 Tempering:
Reheat to 550°C – 700°C, hold until temperature is uniform, soak for 1 hour per 25 mm of the section, and cool in still air.
SAE 4140 Physical Properties:
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.85 g/cm³ | 0.284 lb/in³ |
| Melting Point | 1416°C | 2580°F |
SAE 4140 Thermal Properties:
| Property | Metric | Imperial |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.85 g/cm³ | 0.284 lb/in³ |
| Melting Point | 1416°C | 2580°F |
SAE 4140 Forging Properties:
Forge SAE 4140 between 1200°C and 900°C. To achieve a finer grain size, avoid forging below 900°C and ensure slow cooling after forging in oil or water.
SAE 4140 Stress Relieving:
Heat to 680°C – 700°C, hold until uniform, soak for 1 hour per 25 mm section, and cool in still air.
SAE 4140 Normalizing:
Heat above the ferrite to austenite transformation range and cool in air. Normalizing temperature is typically 870°C, with adjustments based on specific production requirements.
SAE 4140 Annealing:
Anneal at 872°C (1600°F) and slowly cool in the furnace.
SAE 4140 Density:
- Density: 7.85 g/cm³ (same as Physical Properties)
SAE 4140 Machinability:
SAE 4140 offers good machinability in its annealed condition.
SAE 4140 Welding:
SAE 4140 can be welded using conventional techniques, but post-weld heat treatment may be necessary to maintain mechanical properties.
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