EN31 Carbon Steel: Properties, Composition, Applications & Leading Suppliers in India

EN31 carbon steel is a high-carbon alloy steel known for its exceptional hardness, high tensile strength, and superior wear resistance. This steel grade is widely used in manufacturing bearings, tools, automotive components, shafts, and other applications requiring high surface hardness and durability.

In this comprehensive blog, we’ll cover everything about EN31 steel, including its chemical composition, mechanical properties, equivalent grades, heat treatment, and top Indian suppliers.

🔍 What is EN31 Carbon Steel?

EN31 is a chromium alloyed steel from the BS970 standard. It is categorized as high carbon tool steel with excellent through-hardening capabilities, making it suitable for components subject to high wear and friction.

It is often supplied in the annealed, normalized, or hardened and tempered condition, depending on the application.

🧪 Chemical Composition of EN31 Steel

🔍 The high carbon and chromium content gives EN31 its superior wear resistance and hardenability.

⚙️ Mechanical Properties of EN31 Steel

💡 EN31 is ideal where high surface hardness is essential without compromising core toughness.

🔥 Heat Treatment of EN31

EN31 responds well to various heat treatment processes:

• 🔧 Hardening: Heat to 780–820°C and quench in oil

• 🔁 Tempering: Reheat to 150–200°C to achieve desired hardness and relieve stresses

• 🧊 Annealing: 750–780°C followed by slow furnace cooling for improved machinability

• 🔄 Normalizing: 830–860°C and air-cooled to refine grain structure before hardening

⚠️ Post-heat treatment grinding is recommended to achieve tight tolerances and fine finishes.

🛠️ Key Features of EN31 Carbon Steel

• ✅ High surface hardness after heat treatment

• ✅ Excellent wear resistance

• ✅ Good dimensional stability

• ✅ Fair machinability in annealed condition

• ❌ Poor weldability due to high carbon content

• ❌ Not suitable for cold forming

🧰 Applications of EN31 Steel

EN31 is extensively used in automotive, tool-making, machine building, and mechanical component manufacturing, especially where wear resistance and hardness are key.

🔩 Typical Applications:

• 🛞 Bearing races and rollers

• ⚙️ Gears and gear shafts

• 🔧 Hardened tools and punches

• 🧰 Spindles, die blocks, and valve parts

• 🚗 Crankshafts, camshafts, axles

• 🦾 Machine tool components

📌 Preferred for parts requiring hard surfaces and resistance to abrasion, impact, and pressure.

🔁 Equivalent Grades of EN31 Steel

🌍 SAE 52100 and DIN 100Cr6 are globally accepted equivalents with similar properties.

📦 Available Forms of EN31 Carbon Steel

EN31 is available in:

• Bright Round Bars

• Forged Round Bars

• Peeled or Turned Bars

• Ground Bars (Centerless)

• Flats and Hex Bars

• Billets and Blocks

📏 Sizes: 10 mm to 300+ mm in diameter
📏 Lengths: Up to 6 meters or custom cut-to-length

🧽 Surface Finishes: Black, Bright, Peeled, Turned, Polished, Ground

💰 EN31 Carbon Steel Price in India (Indicative)

📌 Prices vary depending on diameter, finish, length, and quantity.

🧭 Top EN31 Carbon Steel Suppliers in India

Looking for top-quality EN31 steel? Here are some trusted suppliers:

• Triton Alloys Inc., Mumbai

• Virwadia Steels, Chennai

• Bright Steel Centre, Maharashtra

• Mohan Steels, Delhi NCR

• Bhansali Inc., Gujarat

• Jindal Steel & Power, India

✅ Request mill test certificates (MTC) and specify your hardness requirements or heat-treated condition while ordering.

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✅ Conclusion

EN31 carbon steel stands out as a high-carbon, chromium steel ideal for applications where surface hardness, wear resistance, and dimensional accuracy are paramount. Whether you’re producing bearing components, high-wear tools, or automotive shafts, EN31 delivers reliable performance and durability.

Available in various bar forms and heat-treated conditions, EN31 is widely stocked by leading steel suppliers in India, making it a top choice for engineers and manufacturers alike.

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