Description
AISI M2 Tool Steel: Detailed Overview
AISI M2 is a high-speed tool steel known for its excellent hardness, wear resistance, and ability to retain its hardness at elevated temperatures. It is widely used in a variety of industrial applications, particularly for cutting tools that require high performance and durability.
Introduction to AISI M2 Tool Steel
AISI M2 is classified as a high-speed steel (HSS) that contains a combination of carbon, chromium, tungsten, and molybdenum. This composition enables it to achieve high hardness levels while maintaining toughness and resistance to deformation under heat.
Key Features of AISI M2 Tool Steel:
- High Hardness: Achievable hardness levels of up to 65 HRC through proper heat treatment.
- Excellent Wear Resistance: Superior resistance to abrasion, making it ideal for cutting and drilling tools.
- Red Hot Hardness: Maintains hardness and cutting performance at elevated temperatures.
- Toughness: Good impact resistance, suitable for heavy-duty applications.
Applications of AISI M2 Tool Steel
AISI M2 is extensively utilized across various industries due to its outstanding mechanical properties. Typical applications include:
- Manufacturing Industry: Cutting tools such as drills, end mills, and reamers.
- Tooling: Dies and punches for forming operations.
- Automotive: Components like saw blades and milling cutters.
- Aerospace: Precision tools and components subjected to high wear.
Equivalent Grades of AISI M2 Tool Steel
AISI M2 is recognized under several standards, ensuring compatibility across different regions and industries.
| Standard | Equivalent Grade |
|---|---|
| DIN | 1.3343 |
| EN | HS 6-5-2 |
| BS | M2 |
Chemical Composition of AISI M2 Tool Steel
The chemical composition of AISI M2 is designed to provide optimal hardness, toughness, and wear resistance. The typical composition is as follows:
| Element | Composition (%) |
|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 0.85 – 1.00 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 3.75 – 4.50 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.15 – 0.40 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 5.00 – 5.50 |
| Tungsten (W) | 1.50 – 2.00 |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.20 max |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.03 |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.03 |
This composition ensures high hardness and wear resistance while maintaining good toughness.
Mechanical Properties of AISI M2 Tool Steel
The mechanical properties of AISI M2 are crucial for its performance in demanding applications. The following table summarizes these properties:
| Property | Value (Typical) |
|---|---|
| Tensile Strength (MPa) | 2400 – 2800 |
| Yield Strength (MPa) | 2000 – 2200 |
| Elongation (%) | ≥ 5 |
| Impact Toughness (J) | ≥ 20 (at room temp) |
| Hardness (HRC) | 62 – 65 |
These values indicate the steel’s capability to withstand high stresses and impacts.
Heat Treatment of AISI M2 Tool Steel
Heat treatment processes are essential for achieving the desired mechanical properties in AISI M2. Common processes include:
- Hardening: Heat to 2150°F (1177°C) and quench in oil or air to increase hardness.
- Tempering: Heat to 400°F (204°C) or higher after hardening to reduce brittleness and improve toughness.
- Normalizing: Heat to 1750°F (955°C) and air cool to refine grain structure and enhance toughness.
These treatments help tailor the steel’s properties for specific applications.
Hardness of AISI M2 Tool Steel
The hardness of AISI M2 can be adjusted through heat treatment processes. Typical hardness values are:
- Annealed Condition: 200 – 250 HB
- After Hardening and Tempering: Up to 65 HRC
These hardness values reflect the steel’s capability to resist wear and deformation under load.
Physical Properties of AISI M2 Tool Steel
The physical properties of AISI M2 contribute to its performance and reliability. The following table summarizes these properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Density (g/cm³) | 8.00 |
| Melting Point (°C) | 1400 – 1450 |
| Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K) | 30 – 40 |
| Specific Heat Capacity (J/kg·K) | 460 – 480 |
These properties ensure stability and performance in various operating conditions.
Forging Properties of AISI M2 Tool Steel
AISI M2 can be forged at temperatures ranging from 2100°F to 2250°F (1150°C to 1230°C). It is crucial to cool the forged components slowly to prevent internal stresses and maintain dimensional stability.
Stress Relieving for AISI M2 Tool Steel
Stress relieving involves heating the steel to 1000°F – 1100°F (540°C – 590°C) to remove residual stresses from machining or forming. This process enhances dimensional stability and reduces the risk of deformation.
Normalizing AISI M2 Tool Steel
Normalizing is performed by heating the steel to 1650°F – 1750°F (900°C – 950°C) and allowing it to cool in air. This process improves toughness and refines the grain structure.
Annealing AISI M2 Tool Steel
Annealing involves heating the steel to 1500°F – 1550°F (815°C – 845°C) and cooling it slowly in the furnace. This process improves machinability and prepares the steel for further heat treatments.
Machinability of AISI M2 Tool Steel
AISI M2 tool steel exhibits good machinability, especially in its annealed condition. It can be machined into complex shapes with standard cutting tools, though care should be taken to manage tool wear during high-hardness operations.
Welding of AISI M2 Tool Steel
Welding of AISI M2 is challenging and typically not recommended due to the risk of cracking. If welding is necessary, preheating (to about 400°F or 204°C) and post-weld heat treatment are essential to mitigate issues.
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