Description
CK-45 Grade Overview:
CK-45 is a medium-carbon steel that excels in manufacturing parts subject to higher loads and complex forms, such as vehicle and machine components (e.g., ship shafts, transmission parts, and wheel hubs). It performs well at low temperatures (down to -25°C) and exhibits favorable creep behavior up to 480°C, making it suitable for heavy-duty applications.
CK-45 Grade Applications:
- Cutting tools with high wear and impact resistance
- Punching dies, screw dies, and complex-shaped punches
- Forging dies for the forging industry
- Tools for the screw industry, such as heading forming molds and teeth punches
CK-45 Equivalent Grades:
| Country | Equivalent Standards |
|---|---|
| USA | ASTM A681 (1045) |
| Germany | DIN 17350 (CK45) |
| Japan | JIS G4403 (S45C) |
| China | GB/T 1299 (45) |
| ISO | ISO 4957 (C45E4) |
Additional Comparable Grades:
Similar materials include EN8, EN9, EN24, EN31, 42CrMo4, SAE 1018, SAE 4140, and many other alloy steels.
CK-45 Chemical Composition:
| Element | C | Si | Mn | P (max) | S (max) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | 0.42-0.50 | 0.40 | 0.50-0.80 | 0.04 | 0.03 |
CK-45 Mechanical Properties:
- Elastic Modulus: 217 GPa at -100°C
- Elongation: 4-8% at 20°C
- Poisson’s Ratio: 0.29 at 20°C
- Shear Modulus: 75-80 GPa at 20°C
- Tensile Strength: 580-770 MPa at 20°C
- Yield Strength: 330-640 MPa at 20°C
CK-45 Hardness:
The hardness, measured in Rockwell C, is 201-269 HB, achieved through water quenching at 820-870°C for 5 minutes.
CK-45 Heat Treatment:
The heat treatment process involves furnace cooling at 28ºC per hour to 650ºC, followed by air cooling. Hardening is done by heating to 800-845ºC and quenching in oil or water.
CK-45 Hardening:
To harden CK-45, heat it to an austenitizing temperature of 800-845ºC, followed by oil or water quenching. Flame or induction hardening can also be applied, followed by tempering to relieve stress.
CK-45 Tempering:
Tempering should be done at 552°C, achieving a hardness of 201-269 HB after tempering.
CK-45 Physical Properties:
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Thermal Expansion | 10 e-6/K | |
| Thermal Conductivity | 25 W/m·K | |
| Specific Heat | 460 J/kg·K | |
| Melting Temperature | 1450-1510°C | |
| Density | 7.8 g/cm³ | at 20°C |
| Electrical Resistivity | 0.55 Ohm·mm²/m |
CK-45 Thermal Properties:
- Thermal Expansion Coefficient: 1.08E-5 1/K at -100°C
- Thermal Conductivity: 41.7 W/m·K at 20°C
- Thermal Diffusivity: 11.6 mm²/s at 20°C
CK-45 Forging Properties:
Preheat to 552°C, followed by heating to 820-870°C for forging. Forging should not occur below 560°C. After forging, allow the material to cool slowly.
CK-45 Stress Relieving:
Stress relieving is essential when machining or working with cold materials.
CK-45 Normalizing:
Normalize the material by heating it to 840-870°C and allowing it to air cool.
CK-45 Annealing:
Small CK-45 forgings can be annealed by heating them to 790-870°C, followed by furnace cooling at 28ºC per hour to 650ºC, and then air cooling.
CK-45 Density:
The density of CK-45 is 7.8 g/cm³ at 20°C.
CK-45 Machinability:
The machinability of CK-45 is rated at 80% compared to AISI 1112 steel, known for its high machinability.
CK-45 Welding:
Welding of CK-45 requires pre-heating and post-weld heat treatment to avoid cracking and ensure good weld quality.
Supply Cities:
Mumbai Ahmedabad, Amaravathi, Ambattur, Bangalore, Belgaum, Chennai, Chittoor, Coimbatore, Dindigul, Mysore, Nellore, Hyderabad, Kochi, Mangalore, Tirupur, Tuticorin, Madurai, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Puducherry, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Visakhapatnam, Kochi, Kerala, Hubli-Dharwad, Karnataka.
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